Difference between T SQL and PL SQL

*

SQL is a query language to operate on sets.

It is more or less standartized, and used by almost all relational database management systems: SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, DB2, Informix, etc.

* PL/SQL is a proprietary procedural language used by Oracle
* TSQL is a proprietary procedural language used by Microsoft in SQL Server.

Procedural languages are designed to extend the SQL's abilities while being able to integrate well with SQL.

They are used to write stored procedures: pieces of code residing on the server to manage complex business rules that are hard or impossible to manage with pure set-based operations.

Procedural Language/Structured Query Language

PL/SQL (Procedural Language/Structured Query Language) is Oracle Corporation's procedural extension language for SQL and the Oracle relational database.

You can find more info about PL SQL in bellow link:

http://plsql-tutorial.com/

Validating User Input in ASP.net

* All validation controls are derived from the BaseValidator class
* Validation controls always perform validation checking on the server
* Validation controls also have complete client side implementation that allows browsers that support DHTML to perform validation on the client

Validation controls are:-
RequiredFieldValidator Control
CompareValidator Control
RangeValidator Control
RegularExpressionValidator Control
CustomValidator Control
ValidationSummary Control

ASP.net Web Forms Components

ASP.net Web Forms Components Consists of
User interface (.aspx extension)
Programming Logic (.aspx.cs or .aspx.vb)

Web Forms server controls:-
HTML server controls
HTML elements that can be used in server code
ASP.NET server controls
Traditional form controls
Validation controls
Used to validate user’s input
User controls
Created from existing Web Forms pages and can be used in other Web Forms pages

ASP.NET Web Forms

* Used to create programmable Web pages that are
Dynamic
Fast
Interactive
* Browser independent
* Designed using RAD tools
* Support rich set of controls and are extensible
* Any of the .NET Framework language can be used to program the ASP.NET Web Forms page
ASP.NET uses the Common Language Runtime of the .NET Framework

Advantages of ASP.net

Advantages:-
* Simplifies Web Application Development
* Improved Performance
* Flexibility
* Configuration Settings (xml format)
* Security

Introduction to ASP.net

Introduction:-
* Next Version of ASP
* A programming framework, used to create enterprise-class Web applications
* Integrated with Visual Studio .NET, which provides a GUI designer, a rich toolbox, and fully integrated debugger
* Unlike the ASP runtime, ASP.NET uses the Common Language Runtime provided by the .NET framework

Calculator code in C# sharp

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication1
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
bool plus = false;
bool minus = false;
bool multiply = false;
bool devide = false;
bool equal = false;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}

private void button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
checkifequal();
textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + 4;
}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
checkifequal();
textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + 7;
}

private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
checkifequal();
textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + 9;
}

private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (textBox1.Text == "")
{
return;
}
else
{
devide = true;
textBox1.Tag = textBox1.Text;
textBox1.Text = "";
}
}



private void button6_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
checkifequal();
textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + 5;
}

private void button9_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
checkifequal();


textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + 1;

}

private void checkifequal()
{
if (equal)
{
textBox1.Text = "";
equal = false;
}
}

private void button10_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
checkifequal();
textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + 2;
}

private void button11_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
checkifequal();
textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + 3;
}

private void button7_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
checkifequal();
textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + 6;
}

private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
checkifequal();
textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + 8;
}

private void button15_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (textBox1.Text.Contains("."))
{
return;
}
else
textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + ".";
}

private void button16_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (textBox1.Text == "")
{
return;
}
else
{
plus = true;
textBox1.Tag = textBox1.Text;
textBox1.Text = "";
}
}

private void button14_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
equal = true;
if (plus)
{
decimal dec = Convert.ToDecimal(textBox1.Tag) + Convert.ToDecimal(textBox1.Text);
textBox1.Text = dec.ToString();
}
if (minus)
{
decimal dec = Convert.ToDecimal(textBox1.Tag) - Convert.ToDecimal(textBox1.Text);
textBox1.Text = dec.ToString();
}
if (multiply)
{
decimal dec = Convert.ToDecimal(textBox1.Tag) * Convert.ToDecimal(textBox1.Text);
textBox1.Text = dec.ToString();
}
if (devide)
{
decimal dec = Convert.ToDecimal(textBox1.Tag) / Convert.ToDecimal(textBox1.Text);
textBox1.Text = dec.ToString();
}
}

private void button12_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (textBox1.Text == "")
{
return;
}
else
{
minus = true;
textBox1.Tag = textBox1.Text;
textBox1.Text = "";
}
}

private void button8_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (textBox1.Text == "")
{
return;
}
else
{
multiply = true;
textBox1.Tag = textBox1.Text;
textBox1.Text = "";
}
}

private void button18_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
plus = minus = multiply = devide = false;
textBox1.Text = "";
textBox1.Tag = "";
}


}

}

Login Program In c# sharp

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsFormsApplicationLogin
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (textBox1.Text == "Username" && textBox2.Text == "Password")
{
MessageBox.Show("Correct");
}
else
MessageBox.Show("Invalid");
}
}
}

Sri Annapurna Ashtakam :-Nithyaananda kari,Varaa abhya karee Lyrics

Nithyaananda kari,Varaa abhya karee,
Soundarya rathnaakaree,
Nirddhotahakila ghora pavaanakaree,
Prathyaksha Maheswaree,
Praaleyachala vamsa pavavakaree,
Kasi puraadheeswaree,
Bhikshaam dehi, krupaa valambana karee,
Mathaa Annapurneswaree.

Naana rathna vichitra bhooshana karee,
Hemaambaradambaree,
Mukthaa haara vilamba maana vilasa,
Dwakshoja kumbaan dharee,
Kasmeera garu vasithaa ruchi karee,
Kasi puraadheeswaree,
Bhikshaam dehi, krupaa valambana karee,
Mathaa Annapurneswaree


Yogaanandakaree ripu kshyakaree,
Dharman artha nishtaakaree,
Chandrarkaanala bhasa maana laharee,
Trilokya rakshaa karee,
Sarvaiswarya samastha vaanchithakaree,
Kasi puraadheeswaree,
Bhikshaam dehi, krupaa valambana karee,
Mathaa Annapurneswaree

Kailaasaachala kandharaa laya karee,
Gowree , umaa sankaree,
Kaumaree nigamartha gochara karee,
Omkara beejaksharee,
Moksha dwaara kavata patana karee,
Kasi puraadheeswaree,
Bhikshaam dehi, krupaa valambana karee,
Mathaa Annapurneswaree






Drusyaa drusya vibhootha vahana karee,
Brhmaanda bhando dharee,
Leelaa nataka suthra kelana karee,
Vijnana deeptham guree,
Sree viswesa mana prasaadhana karee,
Kasi puraadheeswaree,
Bhikshaam dehi, krupaa valambana karee,
Mathaa Annapurneswaree

Urvee sarva janeswaree bhagawathee,
Maatha krupaa sagaree,
Venee neela samaana kunthala dharee,
Ananda dhaneswaree,
Sarvanandakaree bhayaa shubhakaree,
Kasi puraadheeswaree,
Bhikshaam dehi, krupaa valambana karee,
Mathaa Annapurneswaree






Aadhi kshaantha samastha varna nikaree,
Shabho tribhaava karee,
Kasmeeraa tripureswaree trilaharee,
Nithyaamakuree sarvaree,
Kamaa kamksha karee janodhaya karee,
Kasi puraadheeswaree,
Bhikshaam dehi, krupaa valambana karee,
Mathaa Annapurneswaree

Devee sarva vichitra rathna rachithaa,
Dakshayanee sundaree,
Vama swadu payodhara priyakaree,
Sownhagya maaheswaree,
Bhakthaabhishtakaree, sadaa shubhakaree,
Kasi puraadheeswaree,
Bhikshaam dehi, krupaa valambana karee,
Mathaa Annapurneswaree






Chandrakaanala koti koti sadrusaa,
Chandramsu bhimbaan dharee,
Chandrakaagni samaana kunthala dharee
Chandrarka varneshwaree,
Maala pustaka pasasangusa dharee,
Kasi puraadheeswaree,
Bhikshaam dehi, krupaa valambana karee,
Mathaa Annapurneswaree

Kshatrathraanakaree, mahaa bhayakaree,
Mthaa krupaa sagaree,
Sakshaan mokshakaree sadaa shiva karee,
Visweshwaree sridharee,
Daksha krundha karee niraa mayakaree,
Kasi puraadheeswaree,
Bhikshaam dehi, krupaa valambana karee,
Mathaa Annapurneswaree






Annapurne sadaa purne,
Sankara praana vallabhe,
Jnana vairagya sidhyartham,
Bikshaa dehee cha parvathy.

Mathaa cha Parvathy Devi,
Pithaas cha Maheswara
Bandhawa Shiva Bhakatamscha,
Swadesho Bhuvana Trayam.

Program to Display current Date and time

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace DateandTime
{
public class Time
{
public void DisplayCurrentTime()

{
Console.WriteLine("{0}/{1}/{2} {3}:{4}:{5}", Month, Date, Year, Hour, Minute, Second);

}
//declaring constructor
public Time(System.DateTime dt)
{
Year = dt.Year;
Month = dt.Month;
Date = dt.Day;
Hour = dt.Hour;
Minute = dt.Minute;
Second = dt.Second;
}
int Year, Month, Date, Hour, Minute, Second;
}
public class tester
{
static void Main()
{
System.DateTime currentTime = System.DateTime.Now;
Time t = new Time(currentTime);
t.DisplayCurrentTime();
}
}
}

Life Insurance quotes

Everyone needs life insurance today to protect him or her as well as all family members financially. Therefore, life insurance should be designed in order to be able to accommodate the needs of all people from any socio economic level. It means that life insurance should offer the most affordable premium rate. Anyway, as customers, we should not wait for until they lower the premium rate.

Requesting life insurance quotes from several life insurance companies can give the best choice because we can compare them before we buy their life insurance policy. For those of you who stay in Australia, www.xlife.com.au can help you get the life insurance quotes from top life insurance companies.

Guide to eating from a banana leaf

It’s interesting how a simple banana leaf, most commonly used in India by Hindus to serve food and globally by the Filipinos and some Buddhist cultures, lends an air of celebration akin to finery worn on special occasions. In fact, many a times the banana leaf is also used for cooking. Rice, meat or dough is wrapped in the leaf and steamed or cooked on low flame. This is very common in Kerala, Thailand, Caribbean islands and other coastal countries across the world.

Those who have been brought up in traditional South Indian homes would be quite familiar with the usage of this ubiquitous leaf. But for tourists who have never tried this before, eating from a banana leaf could be a cultural extravaganza. So here’s a guide to those unaware on why and how to eat from a banana leaf.

Whys
• Hot food served on a banana leaf takes nutritional and medicinal values of the banana tree.
• Eating from a banana leaf is like eating on a fresh plate for each meal.
• The leaf is bio-degradable unlike plastic plates.
• Ghee and oil do not stick to the banana leaf and so enjoying their flavors is easier.

Dos and Don’ts
• Place the leaf in such a way that the broader side of the leaf is the lower part. It gives you a wider space for more items.
• Sprinkle water on the leaf and wipe the leaf before you start.
• Don’t begin eating as soon as the food is served. Wait to start together with others.
• In India, meals are served on a banana leaf in a particular order starting with the daal, sambar, a kuzhambu (gravy either red gravy or coconut based), rasam (made with tamarind extract, tomato and pepper), curds and payasam (sweet kheer) afterwards. This order though basic might vary in different regions.
• Your skills are best tested when trying to slurp the rasam or payasam with your fingers / palms. You should not let this drip so it would be helpful to hold the lower part of the leaf slightly up.
• As this leaf is auspicious, don’t smoke or consume alcohol during a meal served on a banana leaf, especially if it is a special occasion.
• In some places, only vegetarian food is served on a banana leaf whereas in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh non-vegetarian is also served. So be aware of the customs of a community.
• Vegetables are placed on the top half of the leaf, and rice, sweets, and snacks on the other half.
• Avoid using cutlery while eating from a banana leaf. Eat with your fingers.
• It is not necessary to taste every dish served on the banana leaf, but you must finish everything as it is considered respectful.
• After finishing your meal, express appreciation for the meal.
• Using a finger bowl is not encouraged after a meal but now this is given for the sake of convenience in most restaurants. However, during weddings or functions at home, this is avoided.
• The banana leaf should not be left open after finishing the meal. It should be folded with the top half covering the bottom half which signifies that you have enjoyed your meal and you will visit again. If the bottom half is folded over the top, it is usually considered disrespectful as this is done only in solemn functions such as death.
• Do not leave the table until others have finished or until the host requests you to. If you must, ask permission from the host before leaving.

The next time you are in South India, try not to miss a celebration that gives you a chance to savor traditional South Indian food on a fresh banana leaf. But if there are no occasions during your visit, you can always try traditional South Indian eating joints in Chennai such as Amaravathi, Karaikudi, Zameendar, Anjappar, Saravana Bhavan, Ente Keralam etc. It’s an experience that you must try!

Differences between SQL and MySQL

SQL stands for Structured Query Language. It's a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases.

MySQL is a database management system, like SQL Server 2005, Oracle, Informix, Postgres etc. MySQL is a RDMS (Relational Database Management System). All types of RDMB use SQL.

SQL is used to manipulate database or to create a database. It's actually a common language. MySQL is an actual computer application. You must need to download or collect it and install it. MySQL is one of the most popular open source database management system. MySQL has an SQL interpreter.

MySQL can be used as the back engine database for several kinds of applications and it's one of the best choice for many web programmers for web-base application.

VERY INTERESTING AND INFORMATIVE THINGS

1.

If you are right handed, you will tend to chew your food on your right side. If you are left handed, you will tend to chew your food on your left side
2.

If you stop getting thirsty, you need to drink more water. For when a human body is dehydrated, its thirst mechanism shuts off.
3.

Chewing gum while peeling onions will keep you from crying.
4.

Your tongue is germ free only if it is pink. If it is white there is a thin film of bacteria on it.
5.

The Mercedes-Benz motto is 'Das Beste oder Nichts' meaning 'the best or nothing'.
6.

The Titanic was the first ship to use the SOS signal.
7.

The pupil of the eye expands as much as 45 percent when a person looks at something pleasing.
8 .

The average person who stops smoking requires one hour less sleep a night.
9.

Laughing lowers levels of stress hormones and strengthens the immune system. Six-year-olds laugh an average of 300 times a day. Adults only laugh 15 to 100 times a day.
10.

The roar that we hear when we place a seashell next to our ear is not the ocean, but rather the sound of blood surging through the veins in the ear.
11.

Dalmatians are born without spots.
12.

Bats always turn left when exiting a cave.
13.

The 'v' in the name of a court case does not stand for 'versus', but for 'and' (in civil proceedings) or 'against' (in criminal proceedings)
14.

Men's shirts have the buttons on the right, but women's shirts have the buttons on the left
15.

The owl is the only bird to drop its upper eyelid to wink. All other birds raise their lower eyelids
16.



The reason honey is so easy to digest is that it's already been digested by a bee
17.

Roosters cannot crow if they cannot extend their necks
18.

The color blue has a calming effect. It causes the brain to release calming hormones
19.

Every time you sneeze some of your brain cells die
20.

Your left lung is smaller than your right lung to make room for your heart
21.

The verb "cleave" is the only English word with two synonyms which are antonyms of each other: adhere and separate
22.

When you blush, the lining of your stomach also turns red
23.

When hippos are upset, their sweat turns red

SQL Tutorials

Introduction
This is the first in a series of articles that explain what SQL is and how you can use it in your Microsoft® Access 2000 applications. There are three articles in all: a fundamental, an intermediate, and an advanced article. The articles are designed to progressively show the syntax and methods for using SQL, and to bring out those features of SQL that are new to Access 2000.
SQL Defined
To really gain the benefit and power of SQL, you must first come to a basic understanding of what it is and how you can use it.
What Is Structured Query Language?
SQL stands for Structured Query Language and is sometimes pronounced as "sequel." At its simplest, it is the language that is used to extract, manipulate, and structure data that resides in a relational database management system (RDBMS). In other words, to get an answer from your database, you must ask the question in SQL.
Why and Where Would You Use SQL?
You may not know it, but if you've been using Access, you've also been using SQL. "No!" you may say. "I've never used anything called SQL." That's because Access does such a great job of using it for you. The thing to remember is that for every data-oriented request you make, Access converts it to SQL under the covers.
SQL is used in a variety of places in Access. It is used of course for queries, but it is also used to build reports, populate list and combo boxes, and drive data-entry forms. Because SQL is so prevalent throughout Access, understanding it will greatly improve your ability to take control of all of the programmatic power that Access gives you.
Note

The particular dialect of SQL discussed in this article applies to version 4.0 of the Microsoft Jet database engine. Although many of the SQL statements will work in other databases, such as Microsoft SQL Server™, there are some differences in syntax. To identify the correct SQL syntax, consult the documentation for the database system you are using.
Data Definition Language
Data definition language (DDL) is the SQL language, or terminology, that is used to manage the database objects that contain data. Database objects are tables, indexes, or relationships—anything that has to do with the structure of the database—but not the data itself. Within SQL, certain keywords and clauses are used as the DDL commands for a relational database.
Data Manipulation Language
Data manipulation language (DML) is the SQL language, or terminology, that is used to manage the data within the database. DML has no effect on the structure of the database; it is only used against the actual data. DML is used to extract, add, modify, and delete information contained in the relational database tables.
ANSI and Access 2000
ANSI stands for the American National Standards Institute, which is a nationally recognized standards-setting organization that has defined a base standard for SQL. The most recently defined standard is SQL-92, and Access 2000 has added many new features to conform more closely to the standard, although some of the new features are available only when you are using the Jet OLE DB provider. However, Access has also maintained compliance with previous versions to allow for the greatest flexibility. Access also has some extra features not yet defined by the standard that extend the power of SQL.
To understand more about OLE DB and how it fits into the Microsoft Universal Data Access strategy, visit the Visual Basic Programmer's Guide.
SQL Coding Conventions
Throughout this article, you will notice a consistent method of SQL coding conventions. As with all coding conventions, the idea is to display the code in such a way as to make it easy to read and understand. This is accomplished by using a mix of white space, new lines, and uppercase keywords. In general, use uppercase for all SQL keywords, and if you must break the line of SQL code, try to do so with a major section of the SQL statement. You'll get a better feel for it after seeing a few examples.
Poorly formatted SQL code
Copy
CREATE TABLE tblCustomers (CustomerID INTEGER NOT NULL,[Last Name] TEXT(50) NOT NULL,
[First Name] TEXT(50) NOT NULL,Phone TEXT(10),Email TEXT(50))

Well-formatted SQL code
Copy
CREATE TABLE tblCustomers
(CustomerID INTEGER NOT NULL,
[Last Name] TEXT(50) NOT NULL,
[First Name] TEXT(50) NOT NULL,
Phone TEXT(10),
Email TEXT(50))

Using Data Definition Language
When you are manipulating the structure of a database, there are three primary objects that you will work with: tables, indexes, and relationships.
• Tables are the database structure that contains the physical data, and they are organized by their columns (or fields) and rows (or records).
• Indexes are the database objects that define how the data in the tables is arranged and sorted in memory.
• Relationships define how one or more tables relate to one or more other tables.
All three of these database objects form the foundation for all relational databases.
Creating and Deleting Tables
Tables are the primary building blocks of a relational database. A table contains rows (or records) of data, and each row is organized into a finite number of columns (or fields). To build a new table in Access by using Jet SQL, you must name the table, name the fields, and define the type of data that the fields will contain. Use the CREATE TABLE statement to define the table in SQL. Let's suppose that we are building an invoicing database, so we will start with building the initial customers table.
Copy
CREATE TABLE tblCustomers
(CustomerID INTEGER,
[Last Name] TEXT(50),
[First Name] TEXT(50),
Phone TEXT(10),
Email TEXT(50))

Notes
• If a field name includes a space or some other nonalphanumeric character, you must enclose that field name within square brackets ([ ]).
• If you do not declare a length for text fields, they will default to 255 characters. For consistency and code readability, you should always define your field lengths.
• For more information about the types of data that can be used in field definitions, type SQL data types in the Office Assistant or on the Answer Wizard tab in the Microsoft Access Help window, and then click Search.
You can declare a field to be NOT NULL, which means that null values cannot be inserted into that particular field; a value is always required. A null value should not be confused with an empty string or a value of 0, it is simply the database representation of an unknown value.
Copy
CREATE TABLE tblCustomers
(CustomerID INTEGER NOT NULL,
[Last Name] TEXT(50) NOT NULL,
[First Name] TEXT(50) NOT NULL,
Phone TEXT(10),
Email TEXT(50))

To remove a table from the database, use the DROP TABLE statement.
Copy
DROP TABLE tblCustomers

Working with Indexes
An index is an external data structure used to sort or arrange pointers to data in a table. When you apply an index to a table, you are specifying a certain arrangement of the data so that it can be accessed more quickly. However, if you apply too many indexes to a table, you may slow down the performance because there is extra overhead involved in maintaining the index, and because an index can cause locking issues when used in a multiuser environment. Used in the correct context, an index can greatly improve the performance of an application.
To build an index on a table, you must name the index, name the table to build the index on, name the field or fields within the table to use, and name the options you want to use. You use the CREATE INDEX statement to build the index. For example, here's how you would build an index on the customers table in the invoicing database mentioned earlier.
Copy
CREATE INDEX idxCustomerID
ON tblCustomers (CustomerID)

Indexed fields can be sorted in one of two ways: ascending (ASC) or descending (DESC). The default order is ascending, and it does not have to be declared. If you use ascending order, the data will be sorted from 1 to 100. If you specify descending order, the data will be sorted from 100 to 1. You should declare the sort order with each field in the index.
Copy
CREATE INDEX idxCustomerID
ON tblCustomers (CustomerID DESC)

There are four main options that you can use with an index: PRIMARY, DISALLOW NULL, IGNORE NULL, and UNIQUE. The PRIMARY option designates the index as the primary key for the table. You can have only one primary key index per table, although the primary key index can be declared with more than one field. Use the WITH keyword to declare the index options.
Copy
CREATE INDEX idxCustomerID
ON tblCustomers (CustomerID)
WITH PRIMARY

To create a primary key index on more than one field, include all of the field names in the field list.
Copy
CREATE INDEX idxCustomerName
ON tblCustomers ([Last Name], [First Name])
WITH PRIMARY

The DISALLOW NULL option prevents insertion of null data in the field. (This is similar to the NOT NULL declaration used in the CREATE TABLE statement.)
Copy
CREATE INDEX idxCustomerEmail
ON tblCustomers (Email)
WITH DISALLOW NULL

The IGNORE NULL option causes null data in the table to be ignored for the index. That means that any record that has a null value in the declared field will not be used (or counted) in the index.
Copy
CREATE INDEX idxCustomerLastName
ON tblCustomers ([Last Name])
WITH IGNORE NULL

In addition to the PRIMARY, DISALLOW NULL, and IGNORE NULL options, you can also declare the index as UNIQUE, which means that only unique, non-repeating values can be inserted in the indexed field.
Copy
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idxCustomerPhone
ON tblCustomers (Phone)

To remove an index from a table, use the DROP INDEX statement.
Copy
DROP INDEX idxName
ON tblCustomers

Defining Relationships Between Tables
Relationships are the established associations between two or more tables. Relationships are based on common fields from more than one table, often involving primary and foreign keys.
A primary key is the field (or fields) that is used to uniquely identify each record in a table. There are three requirements for a primary key: It cannot be null, it must be unique, and there can be only one defined per table. You can define a primary key either by creating a primary key index after the table is created, or by using the CONSTRAINT clause in the table declaration, as shown in the examples later in this section. A constraint limits (or constrains) the values that are entered in a field. For more information about constraints, see the article "Intermediate Microsoft Jet SQL for Access 2000."
A foreign key is a field (or fields) in one table that references the primary key in another table. The data in the fields from both tables is exactly the same, and the table with the primary key record (the primary table) must have existing records before the table with the foreign key record (the foreign table) has the matching or related records. Like primary keys, you can define foreign keys in the table declaration by using the CONSTRAINT clause.
There are essentially three types of relationships:
• One-to-oneFor every record in the primary table, there is one and only one record in the foreign table.
• One-to-manyFor every record in the primary table, there are one or more related records in the foreign table.
• Many-to-manyFor every record in the primary table, there are many related records in the foreign table, and for every record in the foreign table, there are many related records in the primary table.
For example, let's add an invoices table to our invoicing database. Every customer in our customers table can have many invoices in our invoices table—this is a classic one-to-many scenario. We will take the primary key from the customers table and define it as the foreign key in our invoices table, thereby establishing the proper relationship between the tables.
When defining the relationships between tables, you must make the CONSTRAINT declarations at the field level. This means that the constraints are defined within a CREATE TABLE statement. To apply the constraints, use the CONSTRAINT keyword after a field declaration, name the constraint, name the table that it references, and name the field or fields within that table that will make up the matching foreign key.
The following statement assumes that the tblCustomers table has already been built, and that it has a primary key defined on the CustomerID field. The statement now builds the tblInvoices table, defining its primary key on the InvoiceID field. It also builds the one-to-many relationship between the tblCustomers and tblInvoices tables by defining another CustomerID field in the tblInvoices table. This field is defined as a foreign key that references the CustomerID field in the Customers table. Note that the name of each constraint follows the CONSTRAINT keyword.
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CREATE TABLE tblInvoices
(InvoiceID INTEGER CONSTRAINT PK_InvoiceID PRIMARY KEY,
CustomerID INTEGER NOT NULL CONSTRAINT FK_CustomerID
REFERENCES tblCustomers (CustomerID),
InvoiceDate DATETIME,
Amount CURRENCY)

Note that the primary key index (PK_InvoiceID) for the invoices table is declared within the CREATE TABLE statement. To enhance the performance of the primary key, an index is automatically created for it, so there's no need to use a separate CREATE INDEX statement.
Now let's create a shipping table that will contain each customer's shipping address. Let's assume that there will be only one shipping record for each customer record, so we will be establishing a one-to-one relationship.
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CREATE TABLE tblShipping
(CustomerID INTEGER CONSTRAINT PK_CustomerID PRIMARY KEY
REFERENCES tblCustomers (CustomerID),
Address TEXT(50),
City TEXT(50),
State TEXT(2),
Zip TEXT(10))

Note that the CustomerID field is both the primary key for the shipping table and the foreign key reference to the customers table.
NoteWhen you are creating a one-to-one relationship by using DDL statements, the Access user interface may display the relationship as a one-to-many relationship. To correct this problem, after the one-to-one relationship has been created, open the Relationships window by clicking Relationships on the Tools menu. Make sure that the affected tables have been added to the Relationships window, and then double-click the link between the tables to open the Edit Relationships dialog box. Click the Join Type button to open the Join Properties dialog box. You don't have to select an option, just click OK to close the dialog box, and then click OK to close the Edit Relationships dialog box. The one-to-one relationship should now be displayed correctly.
For more information about relationships and how they work, type relationships in the Office Assistant or on the Answer Wizard tab in the Microsoft Access Help window, and then click Search.
Using Data Manipulation Language
DML is all about working with the data that is stored in the database tables. Not only is DML used for retrieving the data, it is also used for creating, modifying, and deleting it.
Retrieving Records
The most basic and most often used SQL statement is the SELECT statement. SELECT statements are the workhorses of all SQL statements, and they are commonly referred to as select queries. You use the SELECT statement to retrieve data from the database tables, and the results are usually returned in a set of records (or rows) made up of any number of fields (or columns). You must designate which table or tables to select from with the FROM clause. The basic structure of a SELECT statement is:
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SELECT field list
FROM table list

To select all the fields from a table, use an asterisk (*). For example, the following statement selects all the fields and all the records from the customers table:
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SELECT *
FROM tblCustomers

To limit the fields retrieved by the query, simply use the field names instead. For example:
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SELECT [Last Name], Phone
FROM tblCustomers

To designate a different name for a field in the result set, use the AS keyword to establish an alias for that field.
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SELECT CustomerID AS [Customer Number]
FROM tblCustomers

Restricting the Result Set
More often than not, you will not want to retrieve all records from a table. You will want only a subset of those records based on some qualifying criteria. To qualify a SELECT statement, you must use a WHERE clause, which will allow you to specify exactly which records you want to retrieve.
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SELECT *
FROM tblInvoices
WHERE CustomerID = 1

Note the CustomerID = 1 portion of the WHERE clause. A WHERE clause can contain up to 40 such expressions, and they can be joined with the And or Or logical operators. Using more than one expression allows you to further filter out records in the result set.
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SELECT *
FROM tblInvoices
WHERE CustomerID = 1 AND InvoiceDate > #01/01/98#

Note that the date string is enclosed in number signs (#). If you are using a regular string in an expression, you must enclose the string in single quotation marks ('). For example:
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SELECT *
FROM tblCustomers
WHERE [Last Name] = 'White'

If you do not know the whole string value, you can use wildcard characters with the Like operator.
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SELECT *
FROM tblCustomers
WHERE [Last Name] LIKE 'W*'

There are a number of wildcard characters to choose from, and the following table details what they are and what they can be used for.
Wildcard character Description
* or % Zero or more characters
? or _ (underscore) Any single character
# Any single digit (0-9)
[charlist] Any single character in charlist
[!charlist] Any single character not in charlist
NoteThe % and _ (underscore) wildcard characters should be used only through the Jet OLE DB provider and ActiveX® Data Objects (ADO) code. They will be treated as literal characters if they are used though the Access SQL View user interface or Data Access Objects (DAO) code.
For more information about using the Like operator with wildcard characters, type wildcard characters in the Office Assistant or on the Answer Wizard tab in the Microsoft Access Help window, and then click Search.
Sorting the Result Set
To specify a particular sort order on one or more fields in the result set, use the optional ORDER BY clause. As explained earlier in the "Working with Indexes" section, records can be sorted in either ascending (ASC) or descending (DESC) order; ascending is the default.
Fields referenced in the ORDER BY clause do not have to be part of the SELECT statement's field list, and sorting can be applied to string, numeric, and date/time values. Always place the ORDER BY clause at the end of the SELECT statement.
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SELECT *
FROM tblCustomers
ORDER BY [Last Name], [First Name] DESC

You can also use the field numbers (or positions) instead of field names in the ORDER BY clause.
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SELECT *
FROM tblCustomers
ORDER BY 2, 3 DESC

For more information about using the ORDER BY clause, type ORDER BY clause in the Office Assistant or on the Answer Wizard tab in the Microsoft Access Help window, and then click Search.
Using Aggregate Functions to Work with Values
Aggregate functions are used to calculate statistical and summary information from data in tables. These functions are used in SELECT statements, and all of them take fields or expressions as arguments.
To count the number of records in a result set, use the Count function. Using an asterisk with the Count function causes Null values to be counted as well.
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SELECT Count(*) AS [Number of Invoices]
FROM tblInvoices

To count only non-Null values, use the Count function with a field name:
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SELECT Count(Amount) AS
[Number of Valid Invoice Amounts]
FROM tblInvoices

To find the average value for a column or expression of numeric data, use the Avg function:
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SELECT Avg(Amount) AS [Average Invoice Amount]
FROM tblInvoices

To find the total of the values in a column or expression of numeric data, use the Sum function:
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SELECT Sum(Amount) AS [Total Invoice Amount]
FROM tblInvoices

To find the minimum value for a column or expression, use the Min function:
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SELECT Min(Amount) AS [Minimum Invoice Amount]
FROM tblInvoices

To find the maximum value for a column or expression, use the Max function:
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SELECT Max(Amount) AS [Maximum Invoice Amount]
FROM tblInvoices

To find the first value in a column or expression, use the First function:
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SELECT First(Amount) AS [First Invoice Amount]
FROM tblInvoices

To find the last value in a column or expression, use the Last function:
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SELECT Last(Amount) AS [Last Invoice Amount]
FROM tblInvoices

For more information about using the aggregate functions, type SQL aggregate functions in the Office Assistant or on the Answer Wizard tab in the Microsoft Access Help window, and then click Search.
Grouping Records in a Result Set
Sometimes there are records in a table that are logically related, as in the case of the invoices table. Since one customer can have many invoices, it could be useful to treat all the invoices for one customer as a group, in order to find statistical and summary information about the group.
The key to grouping records is that one or more fields in each record must contain the same value for every record in the group. In the case of the invoices table, the CustomerID field value is the same for every invoice a particular customer has.
To create a group of records, use the GROUP BY clause with the name of the field or fields you want to group with.
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SELECT CustomerID, Count(*) AS [Number of Invoices],
Avg(Amount) AS [Average Invoice Amount]
FROM tblInvoices
GROUP BY CustomerID

Note that the statement will return one record that shows the customer ID, the number of invoices the customer has, and the average invoice amount, for every customer who has an invoice record in the invoices table. Because each customer's invoices are treated as a group, we are able to count the number of invoices, and then determine the average invoice amount.
You can specify a condition at the group level by using the HAVING clause, which is similar to the WHERE clause. For example, the following query returns only those records for each customer whose average invoice amount is less than 100:
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SELECT CustomerID, Count(*) AS [Number of Invoices],
Avg(Amount) AS [Average Invoice Amount]
FROM tblInvoices
GROUP BY CustomerID
HAVING Avg(Amount) < 100

For more information about using the GROUP BY clause, type GROUP BY clause in the Office Assistant or on the Answer Wizard tab in the Microsoft Access Help window, and then click Search.
Inserting Records into a Table
There are essentially two methods for adding records to a table. The first is to add one record at a time; the second is to add many records at a time. In both cases, you use the SQL statement INSERT INTO to accomplish the task. INSERT INTO statements are commonly referred to as append queries.
To add one record to a table, you must use the field list to define which fields to put the data in, and then you must supply the data itself in a value list. To define the value list, use the VALUES clause. For example, the following statement will insert the values "1", "Kelly", and "Jill" into the CustomerID, Last Name, and First Name fields, respectively.
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INSERT INTO tblCustomers (CustomerID, [Last Name], [First Name])
VALUES (1, 'Kelly', 'Jill')

You can omit the field list, but only if you supply all the values that record can contain.
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INSERT INTO tblCustomers
VALUES (1, Kelly, 'Jill', '555-1040', 'someone@microsoft.com')

To add many records to a table at one time, use the INSERT INTO statement along with a SELECT statement. When you are inserting records from another table, each value being inserted must be compatible with the type of field that will be receiving the data. For more information about data types and their usage, see "Intermediate Microsoft Jet SQL for Access 2000."
The following INSERT INTO statement inserts all the values in the CustomerID, Last Name, and First Name fields from the tblOldCustomers table into the corresponding fields in the tblCustomers table.
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INSERT INTO tblCustomers (CustomerID, [Last Name], [First Name])
SELECT CustomerID, [Last Name], [First Name]
FROM tblOldCustomers

If the tables are defined exactly alike, you leave can out the field lists.
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INSERT INTO tblCustomers
SELECT * FROM tblOldCustomers

For more information about using the INSERT INTO statement, type INSERT INTO statement in the Office Assistant or on the Answer Wizard tab in the Microsoft Access Help window, and then click Search.
Updating Records in a Table
To modify the data that is currently in a table, you use the UPDATE statement, which is commonly referred to as an update query. The UPDATE statement can modify one or more records and generally takes this form:
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UPDATE table name
SET field name = some value

To update all the records in a table, specify the table name, and then use the SET clause to specify the field or fields to be changed.
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UPDATE tblCustomers
SET Phone = 'None'

In most cases, you will want to qualify the UPDATE statement with a WHERE clause to limit the number of records changed.
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UPDATE tblCustomers
SET Email = 'None'
WHERE [Last Name] = 'Smith'

For more information about using the UPDATE statement, type UPDATE statement in the Office Assistant or on the Answer Wizard tab in the Microsoft Access Help window, and then click Search.
Deleting Records from a Table
To delete the data that is currently in a table, you use the DELETE statement, which is commonly referred to as a delete query, also known as truncating a table. The DELETE statement can remove one or more records from a table and generally takes this form:
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DELETE FROM table list

The DELETE statement does not remove the table structure, only the data that is currently being held by the table structure. To remove all the records from a table, use the DELETE statement and specify which table or tables you want to delete all the records from.
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DELETE FROM tblInvoices

In most cases, you will want to qualify the DELETE statement with a WHERE clause to limit the number of records to be removed.
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DELETE FROM tblInvoices
WHERE InvoiceID = 3

If you want to remove data only from certain fields in a table, use the UPDATE statement and set those fields equal to NULL, but only if they are nullable fields. For more information about nullable fields, see "Intermediate Microsoft Jet SQL for Access 2000."
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UPDATE tblCustomers
SET Email = Null

For more information about using the DELETE statement, type DELETE statement in the Office Assistant or on the Answer Wizard tab in the Microsoft Access Help window, and then click Search.
Using SQL in Access
Now that we've had a basic overview of the SQL syntax, let's look at some of the ways we can use it in an Access application. To do this, we'll use the sample database included with this article. Through queries and sample code, the acFundSQL.mdb sample demonstrates the different SQL statements discussed in this article.
NoteMany of the sample queries used in acFundSQL.mdb depend on certain tables existing and containing data. Because some of the queries in acFundSQL.mdb alter the data or the database structure, you may eventually have difficulty running other queries due to missing or altered data, tables, or indexes. If this problem occurs, open the frmResetTables form and click the Reset Tables button to re-create the tables and their original default data. To manually step through the reset-table process, execute the following queries in the order they are listed:
Building Queries
Queries are SQL statements that are saved in an Access database and can be used at any time, either directly from the Access user interface or from the Visual Basic® for Applications (VBA) programming language. You can build queries by using query Design view, which greatly simplifies the building of SQL statements, or you can build queries by entering SQL statements directly in the SQL view window.
As mentioned at the beginning of this article, Access converts all data-oriented tasks in the database into SQL statements. To demonstrate this behavior, let's build a query in query Design view.
1. Open the acFundSQL.mdb database.

1. Make sure that the tblCustomers table has been created and that it contains some data.
2. In the Database window, click Queries under Objects, and then click New on the Database window toolbar.
3. In the New Query dialog box, click Design View, and then click OK.
4. In the Show Table dialog box, click tblCustomers, click Add, and then click Close.
5. In the tblCustomers field list, click the asterisk (*) and drag it to the first field in the query design grid.
6. On the View menu, click SQL View. This opens the SQL view window and displays the SQL syntax that Access is using for this query.
NoteThis query is similar to the Select All Customers query already saved in the acFundSQL database.
Specifying a Data Source
To make a connection to data in the database's tables, Access objects use data source properties. For example, a form has a RecordSource property that connects it to a particular table in the database. Anywhere that a data source is specified, you can use an SQL statement (or a saved query) instead of the name of a table. For example, let's build a new form that connects to the customers table by using an SQL SELECT statement as the data source.
1. Open the acFundSQL.mdb database and make sure that the tblCustomers table has been created and that it contains some data.
2. In the Database window, click Forms under Objects, and then click New on the Database window toolbar
3. In the New Form dialog box, click Design View, and then click OK. A blank form is now open in Design view.
4. On the View menu, click Properties to open the form's property sheet.
5. In the RecordSource property text box, type the following SQL statement:
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SELECT * FROM tblCustomers

6. Press the ENTER key on your keyboard. The field list appears, and it lists all of the available fields from the tblCustomers table.
7. Select all of the fields by holding down the SHIFT key and clicking the first and then the last field listed.
8. Drag the selected fields to the center of the Detail section on the blank form and then release the mouse button.
9. Close the property sheet.
10. On the View menu, click Form View, and then use the record selectors at the bottom of the form to scroll through all the records in the tblCustomers table.
Another great place to use an SQL statement is in the RowSource property for a list or combo box. Let's build a simple form with a combo box that uses an SQL SELECT statement as its row source.
1. Open the acFundSQL.mdb database and make sure that the tblCustomers table has been created and that it contains some data.
2. Create a new form and open it in Design view.
3. On the View menu, click Toolbox.
4. Make sure that the Control Wizards (upper rightmost) button in the toolbox is not pressed in.
5. Click the Combo Box button and then click in the center of the blank form's Detail section.
6. Make sure that the combo box in the form is selected, and then click Properties on the View menu.
7. In the RowSource property text box, type the following SQL statement:
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SELECT [Last Name] FROM tblCustomers

8. Press ENTER, and then close the property sheet.
9. On the View menu, click Form View. In the form, click the down arrow next to the combo box. Note that all the last names from the customers table are listed in the combo box.
Using SQL Statements Inline
The process of using SQL statements within VBA code is referred to as using the statements "inline." Although a deep discussion of how to use VBA is outside the scope of this article, it is a straightforward task to execute SQL statements in VBA code.
Suppose we need to run an UPDATE statement from code, and we want to run the code when a user clicks a button on a form.
1. Open the acFundSQL.mdb database and make sure that the tblCustomers table has been created and that it contains some data.
2. Create a new form and open it in Design view.
3. On the View menu, click Toolbox.
4. Make sure that the Control Wizards (upper rightmost) button in the toolbox is not pressed in.
5. Click the Command Button button and then click in the center of the blank form's Detail section.
6. Make sure that the command button in the form is selected, and then click Properties on the View menu.
7. Click in the following property text boxes and enter the values given:
Name: cmdUpdatePhones
Caption: Update Phones
8. Click the OnClick property text box, click the Build button (…), and then click Code Builder to open the Visual Basic Editor.
9. Type or paste the following lines of code in the cmdUpdatePhones_Click subprocedure:
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Dim conDatabase As ADODB.Connection
Dim strSQL As String

Set conDatabase = CurrentProject.Connection

strSQL = "UPDATE tblCustomers SET Phone = 'None'"
conDatabase.Execute strSQL

MsgBox "All phones have been set to ""None""."

conDatabase.Close
Set conDatabase = Nothing

10. Close the Visual Basic Editor, close the property sheet, and then click Form View on the View menu.
11. Click the Update Phones button. You should see a message box that says all the phone numbers have been set to "None." You can verify this by opening the tblCustomers table.
Although using SQL statements inline is great for action queries (that is, append, delete, and update), they are most often used in select queries to build sets of records. Let's suppose that we want to loop through a results-based set to accomplish what the UPDATE statement did. Following a similar procedure for the UPDATE example, use the following code in the cmdSelectPhones_Click subprocedure:
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Dim conDatabase As ADODB.Connection
Dim rstCustomers As ADODB.Recordset
Dim strSQL As String

Set conDatabase = CurrentProject.Connection
strSQL = "SELECT Phone FROM tblCustomers"

Set rstCustomers = New Recordset
rstCustomers.Open strSQL, conDatabase, _
adOpenDynamic, adLockOptimistic

With rstCustomers
Do While Not .EOF
!Phone = "None"
.Update
.MoveNext
Loop
End With

MsgBox "All phones have been set to ""None""."

rstCustomers.Close
conDatabase.Close

Set rstCustomers = Nothing
Set conDatabase = Nothing

In most cases, you will achieve better performance by using the UPDATE statement because it acts on the table as a whole, treating it as a single set of records. However, there may be some situations where you simply must loop through a set of records in order to achieve the results you need.
One Last Comment
Although it may be difficult to believe, this article has only scratched the surface of the SQL language as it applies to Access. By now you should have a good basic understanding of SQL and how you can use it in your Access 2000 applications. Try out your new skills by using SQL in any RecordSource or RowSource property you can find, and use the resources listed in the next section to further your knowledge of SQL and Access.

Native Proud of Asiad Kabaddi Gold Medalist Mamata Poojary

After all no one in her family is connected to sports field. But when Mamatha Poojary, who hails from an agriculture background family settled in a small village, called Hermunde achieves the peak at the international level sports event through her hard work, villagers with innocent eyes tend to be grateful for the achievement done by ‘their’ girl.

Having agricultural family background, overcoming all difficulties that is part and parcel of village life on an average, inculcating valor attitude in her, Mamata could make it up to the stage where hundred crore population of India could witness Indian flag held high in a foreign land.

Mamata Poojary of Hermunde village near Karkala clinched the yellow metal in women's kabaddi final match in Asian Games defeating the strong Thailand team.
Eldest Daughter

Mamata’s birthplace is Kelamaraje of Hermunde village in Karkala taluk of Udupi district. She was born to farmer Bhoja Poojary and Kitti Poojary couple. Mamata who had to put in immense effort had passion for sports, is now the ray of hope for the parents, village and the nation at large. She has a younger sister Madhura and elder brother Vishwanath.

Born in the year of 1986, Mamata finished her primary education in Hermunde, and then high school at Jyothi High School at Ajekar. Afterwards she finished her pre-university education in Muniyalu Government PU College and later pursued her occasional course. She obtained her Bachelor of Arts degree in Gokarnanatheshwara College, Mangalore. Passion for sports was the clincher for her. Due to her success in sports, she also got employment in South Railway in Hyderabad.

During her school days itself she showed signs of her capacity by bagging loads of awards by winning in volleyball, javelin, short-put, kabaddi. With this she helped the name of her institutions shine at the national level. She engaged herself more in kabaddi during her college days. Dronacharya awardee senior kabaddi player Ajekar Ramesh Suvarna encouraged her during initial days while she was studying in Government Junior College, Muniyal . Apart from uphill struggle by Mamata, it is noteworthy that Ramesh Suvarna’s eagerness towards promoting a rural talent has today put the name of a small village up at the international map. He has lauded the achievement of Mamata in international sports event.

Awards

She initiated her hunt for awards when she represented Mangalore University team at the international level kabaddi match held at Tirunelveli. She pocketed gold medal in that match. Then she won medal in All India Open Kabaddi Tournament held in Hingaat and Dadar. During the year 2006 she won gold by representing Indian women kabaddi team at the South Asia Games held in Colombo, Srilanka.

She became the golden girl in first Asian beach sports kabaddi match held at Baali, in second Asian women kabaddi championship held at Tehran of Iran and in the third women kabaddi championship held in Chennai. And now, at the Asian Games in Guangzhou, China.

Felicitation Galore

Various local organizations like Karkala Bus Agents' Union, Mumbai Mulund Friends Club, Karkala JCI and villagers of Hermunde felicitated this icon at Karkala taluk level literary convention. Her parents have expressed hearty gratitude for recognizing their child. They have also appealed the government to motivate her and give her the deserved provisions, in tune with foreign countries where great support is provided to their sports faculty.

Journalist Devaraya Prabhu has decided to organize a public felicitation programme in Karkala. Many people like doctors in Ajekar village, zilla panchayat vice-president Dr Santhosh Kumar Shetty, office-bearers of Kurpady Youth Club, Shivakumar Kurpady, trustee of Radha Nayak Trust, Ajekar panchayat members William, Pramod Damodar, photographer of Mumbai Laxmish Shetty Ajekar and journalist Sathyendra Ajekar among others lauded the effort of Mamata and congratulated her.

Yes, more so the time is right for the government to prove that it is in support of rural sports icon.

Asian Games: Kundapur girl Ashwini Chidananda Akkunje Shetty bags gold in 400 mts hurdles

Ashwini Chidananda Akkunje Shetty won a surprise gold in the women's 400 metres hurdles while her compatriot Juana Murmu missed the bronze by a whisker at the Asian Games here on Thursday.



With a personal best timing of 56.15 seconds, Ashwini clinched the third gold medal for India from the track and field event of the Asian Games at the Aoti Main Stadium.



The silver went to China's Wang Xing with a timing of 56.76 secs and Japan's Satomi Kubokokura got the bronze with a timing of 56.83 secs.



Jauna was fourth in 56.88 secs.



Ashwini had won Gold for India in the 4x400 mts womens' relay in the recently held Commonwealth Games at Delhi. She was also conferred with the Karnataka Rajyotsava Award this year.

Sony TV Model Number Explained

Here is a typical Sony LCD model number KDL46V2000U
This number can be split up into 5 different parts - KDL - 46 - V - 2000 - U
The first part tells you about the TV's tuner.
1. KLV- means an Analogue tuner.
2. KDL- means that the TV is equipped with a digital one and can pick up Digital Terrestrial broadcasts
46 :-This is the size of the screen in inches.
2000 :- This is the color of the TV's casing and does not change the technical spec of the TV.
2000 - Grey 2010 - Dark Grey 2020 - Silver
U :- The "U" suffix means "United Kingdom". Continental Europe has the "E" suffix.

Top 20 LED LCD TV Brands

Sony
Samsung
Panasonic
Sharp
Haier
LG
Mitsubishi
Philips
Pioneer
Hitachi
JVC
Magnavox
Olevia
RCA
Sylvania
Toshiba
ViewSonic
Vizio
Westinghouse
Coby

Nanna Kavithegalu....Antharalada Thudithagalu....

Loneliness:-



Janarilli nooraru yarilla nannavaru,

Kanasina sagaradi suka kastada alegalu

Bembidada asegalu buvigarbithavadavu

Bavanegala santheyali kaledu hogide manasu

Nanagilli nane upamana upameya….!!!





My Soul:-



Kadubisila tapadali basavalidu nithaga

Kathaleya karmodadali hedaredari nithaga

Kallu mullina hadiyali guri tappi nededaga,

Nannanu Santhaisi, olaisi,navarisi,

Athmavishwasaveba amrutha kudisi,

Munnedisuvude Nanna atma(My Soul).

Learn TULU Online

Tulu Numbers

1
onji

2
raddu

3
mooji

4
naalu

5
ainu

6
aaji

7
yelu

8
yenma

9
ormba

10
pattu

11
patt-onji

12
pad-radu

13
padi-mooji

14
padi-naalu

15
padi-nainu

16
padi-naaji

17
padi-nelu

18
padi-nenamma

19
padi-noramba

20
iruva

21
iruvatha onji

22
iruvatha eradu

23
iruvatha mooji

30
muppa

40
nalpa

50
aiva

60
ajippa

70
elpa

80
enpa

90
sonpa

100
noodu

200
irnoodu

300
munnoodu

1000
onji savira

2000
raddu savira

1,000,000
pattu laksha

1,00,00, 000
onji koti

1,000,000,000
noodu koti

1,000,000,000,000
pattu savira koti


TULU Quantity

half - ardha

full - idi

quarter - kaal

three fourth - mukaal

less - kammi

more - jasthi /mastu


Quality

beautiful / pretty - porlu

ugly - heshige

good - yedde

bad - yedde ijji


Yulu People

1. rich man
maillaye

2. poor man
papadaye

3. male sevant, female servant
kelasadaye, kelasadalu

4. neighbour
neerekare dakulu

5. enemy
vairi

6. loved ones
moke dakulu




TULU Relatives

1. mother
appe, amma

2. father
ammer

3. younger sister
thangadi, megdi

4. elder sister
paldi

5. younger brother
megye

6. elder brother
palaye

7. father in law, mother's brother and father's sister's husband
mama

8. mother in law, fathers sister and mother's brother's wife
mami

9. mother's elder sister and father's elder brother's wife
mallamma , doddamma

10. father's elder brother and mother's elder sister's husband
periammer, doddappa

11. mother's younger sister and father's younger brother's wife
chikkamma, chikki

12. father's younger brother and mother's younger sister's husband
tiddamme, tiddi

13. grandmother
dodda

14. grandfather
ajja

15. wife
bodedi

16. husband
kandani

17. son
mage

18. daughter
magal

19. son in law, nephew/ brother's son, husband's nephew (sister's in law's son)
marmaye

20. daughter in law, neice/ brother's daughter, husband's neice (sister's in law's daughter)
marmal

21. sister in law, cousin / mother's brother's daughter and fathers sister's daughter
maitidi

22. brother in law, cousin/ mother's brother's son and father's sister's son
maitine

23. great grandmother
pijji

24. great grandfather
pijje


1. Hello.
Namaskara

2. How are you?
Encha ullar?

3. I am fine.
Yaan usar ulle.

4. What is your name?
Erena pudar enchina/dada?

5. My name is .......
Yenna pudar ..........

6. Nice to meet you.
Erena thickda santosha aand.

7. Please.
Daya maltadu

8. You're welcome.
Ereg swagaata

9. Yes.
andu

10. No.
attu

11. I'm sorry.
Yenna thapu aandu

12. See you later
Bokka thikuga

13. Goodbye
Barpe

14. I can't speak Tulu
Enku Tulu barpuji

15. Do you speak English?
Eregu English patheregu barpunda?
fyrir um 8 mánuðum síðan

16. Help
sahaya

17. Look out
jaagrate

18. I don't understand
Yenk gottu aapujji

19. Where is the bathroom?
kotya volu undu?

20. problem
tondare

21. go
poole

22. come
bale

23. eatable
tindi

24.vanas
lunch or dinner

25. Go to sleep
jepperegu pole

26. Get up
luckule

27. Go fast
beesa poole

28. Go slow
mella pole

29. Go away
mulpadu pole

30. Keep quite
maneepande kullule


Directions

up - mithu

down - thirthu

front - dumbu

back - pira

from here - inchidu

from there - anchidu

near - kaithal

far - doora

west - padai

east - moodai

right kai - balatha kai

left hand - yedatha kai

inside - ulai

outside - pidai

straight - saruta




31. Are you married ?
Eereg madme aathunda?

32. Beautiful girl
Porlu ponnu

33.Come in , be seated
Bale, kullule

34. Did you have your food?
Vanas aanda ?

35. Do you have children ?
Eereg jokulu unda ?

35. Do you know?
gothunda?

36.
Do you speak English ?
Eareg English barpunda?

37. No problem
Thondare ijji.

38. He is a good man.
Aye baari yedde jana.

39. His/ her name is ...
ayena/ alena or arena pudar ...

40. How do you say this in tulu ?
Undena tulutu yencha panpuna?

41. How much does this cost?
Nek yeth bele ?

42. I am unmarried
Yank madme aathijji.

43. I'm fine
Yaan Sowkhya.

44. I am married.
Yenk madme aathundu

45. I have two children
Yenka raddu jokulu.



46. I know.
Yenk Gothundu

47. I know a little tulu.
Yank onthe tulu barpundu.

48. I know Mangalore well.
Yenk Kudla yedde gotthundu.

49. I like Mangalore.
Yank Kudla yedde aapundu.

50. I will come back.
Yaan pira barpe.

51. I'll wait.
Yaan kapuve.

52. Is there a Telephone nearby ?
Mulpa kaithaal telephone unda?

53. May I use your telephone?
Yaan phone malpolia?

54. Please come here.
Dayamalthu moolu bale.

55. Please give the bill.
Daya malthdu bill korle.

56. Please help yourself to food.
Aaramad vanas balasonle.

57. Please wait for a moment.
Onji nimisha unthule.

58. Yoy have been helpful.
Mast Upakara.

59. This/ that is my house.
Indu/ avu yenna ill.

60. What do you need?
Eereg daada bodu?


Weather

wind - gaali
rain - barsa
fog - maindu
lightning - minchu
sun - surye
sky - akash
hot weather - sheke
cold weather - chali
monsoon - barsa


Doing things

bathing - meepuni
blowing - wooripuni
breaking - thundu manpuni
buying - dethonuni

carrying - thumbuni
catching/ holding - pathuni
climbing - mitharuni
closing - band manpuni
coming - barpuni
cooking - adige manpuni
covering - mucchuni
crying - bulipuni
crawling - parapuni

dancing - nalipuni
dirtying - kure manpuni
drinking - parpuni
dying - saipuni

eating - thinpuni

falling - booruni
fighting - ladai manpuni
filling - dinjawooni
fishing - meenu pathuni
flying - rapuni

giving - korpuni
going - popuni

hiding - dengadu kulluni

jumping - lagyuni

learning - kalpuni
listening - kebi korpuni
lowering - thirtu manpuni
loving - moke manpuni

making - manpuni
mopping - gatyuni

picking - pejjuni
playing - gobbuni
pushing - nookuni
pulling - woipuni

raising - mithu manpuni
reading - voduni
rowing - voda vocchuni
running - balipuni

sewing - polluni
sing - padya panpuni
sitting - kulluni
sleeping - jeppuni
smiling - thelipuni
standing - unthuni
studying - abyasa manpuni
sweeping - adpuni

taking - dethonuni
talking - patheruni
telipuni - laughing
teasing - maskiri manpuni
thinking - nenapuni
throwing - dakkuni
tidying - vothare manpuni

understanding - artha manpuni

waiting - kaapuni
walking - nadapuni
washing - dekkuni
washing clothes - arduni
watching/ seeing - thupuni
working - bele manpuni


61. Where are you working?
Eer olu bele maltondullar?

62. All are welcome
Maatergla swaagata.

63. Let's go to Mangalore.
Nama Kudlag poyi. [Mangalore is called Kudla in Tulu]

64. How were the rains this year?
Evodu da barsa encha ittnd?

65. When did you come?
Eer yepa battini?

66. Will this bus go to Pune?
Ee bus Pune g popunda?

67. Let's meet again.
Bokka tikkaga.

66. I will come.
Yaan barpe.(also used to say Good bye)

67. want
bodu

68. don't want
bodchi

69. What do you want?
Dada bodu?

70. When?
Yepa?

71.Why?
Dayegu?

72. How?
Yencha?

73. useful
prejana

74. useless
bodchandina

75. finished
mugeendu


Parts of the body

top of the head - nethi
hair - kujal, tare
forehead - munda
head - mande
face - moune
eyebrow - purbu
eye - khannu
eyelids - khannu da reppe
nose - moonku
cheek - kodenji
side of the face - keppe
mouth - baai
moustache - meeshe
lips - dudi, bimma
teeth - kooli
tongue - nalai
chin - gadda da kujal
beard - gadda
body hair - roma
ears - kebi
neck - kekkil
shoulders - pugel
chest - thigale
back - beri
spinal cord - beri ta kole
butt - peen kahn
nails - ugur
hand - kai
palm - angai
back of the palm - kai ta tattu, pira kai
knuckles - berel da gantu
thumb - komba berel, angusta
little finger - kinni berel
fingers - kaita birel
arm - kai
elbow - murangai da gantu
fist - musti
belly - banji
belly button - polu
leg - kaar
thighs - thode
knee - morampu
toes - karda birel
foot - paada


Birds = pakki

chicken = kori
crow = kakke
duck = bathkoli
peacock = naveel
pigeon = puda
parrot = gilli
swan = hamsa
eagle - gidi
koel - kupulu
sparrow - gurbi
owl - gumme
woodpecker - mara kodepele
stork - kokkare

Measurement

1 mudi = 3 kalasas or 42 seer
1 kalasa = 14 seer or 13 kgs
1 seer = 4 pavu

Days of the week

Sunday - Aithara
Monday - Somara
Tuesday - Angare
Wednesday - Budhara
Thursday - Guruara
Friday - Shukrara
Saturday - Shaniara

My Clothes

1. Blouse - Ravake

2. Skirt - Langa

3. Saree - Sere

4. Lungi - Mundu

5. Turban - Mundas

6. Shawl - Shall

7. Hat/cap - Toppi

8. Dhoti - Kaccha

9. Shorts - Ijaar

10. Dress - Angi

11. Tie - Kanta komana

12. Slippers - Muttu

13. Handkerchief - Tual

14. Buttons - Gubbi

15. Pockets - Kise

16. Trousers - Challana

17. Shirt - Manila

18. Baniyan - Ganji

19. Shoes - Bootu

20. Belt - Sonta patti

21- Underwear - Kacha or Komana

Seasons

Summer - Aregala
Monsoon - Maryala

Names of Months in Tulu Language

The names of months differs from one language to that of another. The original Sanskrit names of months have changed in Tulu. Usually, the name of a month is derived from the asterism under which the full moon falls in that month.


Number------ Sanskrit Name-------------TULU NAME

1-------------- Meṣa -----------------------PAGGU

2-------------- Vṛṣabha --------------------BESHA

3-------------- Mithuna ---------------- KARTHAL

4-------------- Karkataka ----------------AATI

5-------------- Siṃha ---------------------SOHNA

6-------------- Kanyā --------------------NIRNAL

7-------------- Tula -----------------------BONTHEL

8-------------- Vṛścika -------------------JARDE

9-------------- Dhanus ------------------PERARDE

10------------- Makara -------------------PONNI

11-------------- Kumbha -----------------MAGHI

12------------ Mīna ---------------------SUGGI

Time & date & day

1. Time
porthu

2. What is the time?
Ganthe yeth aand?

3. Duration
Yeth portuddu inchi

4. Which day is it today?
Ini va dina

5. Month
tingolu

6. vaara
week

7. year
varsha

Reading the time

1. 12 hrs 45 min
Kaal kammi onji or padrade mukaal gante

2. 2 hrs 15 min
radde kaal gante or radde gante padinenu nimisha

3. 3 hrs 3o min
mooji are gante

4. Half an hour
Ardha gante

5. One Minute
Onji Nimisha

6. One second
Onji Galige

7. 15 minutes
Kaal Gante or Padinenu nimisha

8. 45 minutes
Mukkal gante or nalpatha ain nimisha

9. Sunrise - pulya

10. Morning - Kaande

11. Afternoon - Madhyana

12. Evening - Baiyya

13. Night - Rathre

14. Midnight - Nadirlu

15. Sunset - Porthu kantunaga

Days

1. Yesterday - Kode

2. Tomorrow - Elle

3. Day after tomorrow - Ellanji or Elle tha ellanji

4. Day before yesterday - Muraani

76. We
Yenkalu, nama

77. This place
Eevoor

78.This same place:
Indhe oor

79. You all
Nikulu

80. He knows Tulu.
Imbeg (aayeg) tulu barpundu.

81. She knows Tulu.
Moleg (aaleg) tulu barpundu.

82. They know tulu:
Aareg (akleg) tulu barpundu
Note: If the answer is in negative use "barpuji" instead of "barpundu"

83. Happens
Aapundu

84. Does not happen.
Aapuji

85. What do you want?
Nikk (if the person is elder than you use Eereg) enchina bodu?

86. I want nothing.
Enk dhaalaa bodchi

87. Robber:
Kalwe

88. Entered
Nooriye

89. He left.
Aaye poye
Note: If the person is elder than you use Aar instead of Aaye

90. She left
Aal poyal
Note: If the person is elder than you use Aar instead of Aal

91. He came
Aaye baththe
Note: If the person is elder than you, say Aar bathther

92. She came
Aal baththal
Note: If the person is elder than you, say Aar bathther

93. They came
Akul bathther

94. They have come.
Akul baidher (Baththdher)

95. Box.
Pettige

96. He took it and ran away.
Aaye dhethondh paar poye (balth poye)

97. She took it and ran away.
Aal dhethondh paar poyal (balth poyal)

98. Still
Aandalaa

99. Then
Apaga

100. Henceforth
Nana mithth

101. Let us see what to do.
Dhaane malpunu thooka

102. Bokka
Later

103. Who?
Yer?

104. You
Eer

105. I /me
Yaan
fyrir um 7 mánuðum síðan

Navanitha Animals = prani

bat = bavali
bear = karadi
buffallo = yerme
cat = pucche
camel = ontte
crocodile = mosale
cow = petta
deer = jinke
dog = nai
donkey = donkey
elephant = aane
fox = kudke
frog = kappe
goat = yedu
horse = kudre
lion = simha
lizard = palli
monkey = mange
pig = panji
porcupine = mullu panji
rat = yeli
rabbit = muger
sheep = kuri
snake = ucchu
squirrel = chanil
tortoise = ame
tiger = pili

Dikkel - stove


Tongue scraping - Aggra deppuni

to fold - madipu

tipsiness - amalu

Agela - breadth

Udda - length

Depth - Kantu

babble - jakke

choose, select - Ajapuni

spooky sound - Ajane

careless - ajagrate

pile - atti

base - adi

unpleasant - anishta

necessary - anupatya -

distrust - avisvasa

trust - vishvasa

To burp - aarige

leaf - ire

plant - dhai

tree - mara

cherished - Ishta

To exist - uppuni

To sprain - ulkuni

To get up - untuni

To think - Yennuni

Together - Wottige

Master - Wodaye

To pluck - Wodepuni

Eavesdrop - wongeruni

To steal - Kandun

Rogue - Kannoji

To cross - kadapuni

The outer corner of the eye - Kadekannu

to delay - kadesavuni

compassion - kanikara

Bruise - Kanevuni

To melt - Karaguni

Trouble maker - karapelu

Camphor - karpura

Fate - karma

To mix - kaladavuni

Flat pan / Tava - kavalige

A pyre - kaata

To wait - katonuni

Unripe - kai

Spark - kidi

The armpit - Kidkelu

Correction in relatives:
Mother's younger sister is kinyappe &
Father's younger brother is kinyamme
Deaf woman - keppi
Deaf man - keppe
Dwarf man - kunte
Dwarf woman - kunti
Blind man - kurde
Blind woman - kurdi

Popular Udupi district tennis ball cricketer from Kemmannu- Vishwanath Ganiga NO MORE

Popular local tennis ball cricketer of Kemmannu- Vishwanath Ganiga, popularly known as Vishwa, aged 32, expired on Tuesday . Vishwa had a massive heart attack on Sunday while playing a cricket match and was admitted to KMC, Manipal. He could not survive and breathed his last on Tuesday night.

Vishwa was a cricketer of par excellence. As an all-rounder, he was representing AK Sports club of Udupi. Probably he was the first one in Udupi to introduce and perfect the art of ‘Reverse Sweep’ shot in local cricket. He was known for his hard-hitting abilities, which helped his team to enter more than 40 finals. He even took part in matches played at Bangalore, Madhya Pradesh, Mumbai, Kerala and has won more than 100 individual awards like man of the match and man of series.

Ganiga, an alrounder was the key player for A K Sports Team here. He was serving the team for over a decade now and instrumental introducing reverse sweeo in tennis ball cricket and in the team reaching finals over 40 times. He won accolades due to his game not only in the state, but in Madhya Pradesh, Mumbai and Kerala among other states. He has won over 100 individual prizes.

ಹೀಗನ್ನಿಸಿದೆ

ಪ್ರತಿ ತಿ೦ಗಳ ಕೊನೆ ಬ೦ದಾಗಲು.. ನನ್ನ ಕ್ಯಾಲುಕುಲೆಶನ್ನಲ್ಲೆ ಯಡವಟ್ಟಾಗಿತ್ತಾ ...



ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಸರ್ಕ್ಸಸ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದ್ರೆ ಇನೊ೦ದ ಐವತ್ತು ಸಾವಿರ ಉಳಿಸಬಹುದಿತ್ತನೊ ಈ ವರ್ಷ..



ನಾಳೆ ನಾನೆ ಹೊಗಿ ಕ್ಲೀನಾಗಿ ಕೆಳಿಬಿಡಲಾ ಅವನ್ನಾ / ಅವಳನಾ



ಛೆ ! ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಜಾಸ್ತಿನೆ ರೆಗಿಬಿಟ್ಟನ ಅಮ್ಮನ ಜೊತೆ ...



ಸಾಲಾ ವಾಪಸ್ ಕೊಡದಿದ್ದ್ರು ಪರವಾಗಿಲ್ಲ , ದೊಸ್ತಿನಾದ್ರು ಇಟ್ಟುಕೊತಾನಾ...



ಆ ಕಂಪನಿ ಆಪ್ಪರೆ ಚೆನ್ನಾಗಿತ್ತಾ..., ಅಥವಾ...ಹಳೆ..ಕಂಪನಿನೆ...ಚೆನ್ನಾಗಿತ್ತಾ



ತೆಪ್ಪಗೆ ಊರಲ್ಲೆ... ಎನಾದ್ರು ಬುಸಿನೆಸ್ ಮಾಡಬೇಕಾಗಿತ್ತು....



ಅಪ್ಪನ... ಕಾನ್ಚೆಪ್ಟೆ... ಅರ್ಥ ಆಗಲ್ವಲ್ಲಾ ....



ನಿಮಗು...ಇದರಲ್ಲಿ ಯಾವುದಾದ್ರು ಒಂದು.. ಅನಿಸಿರಬೆಕಲ್ಲಾ ?.... ಹೀಗನ್ನಿಸಿದೆ

Devarayanadurga,Namada Chilume

ದೇವರಾಯನ ದುರ್ಗ is a hill station near Tumkur in the state of Karnataka in India. The rocky hills are surrounded by forest and the hilltops are dotted with several temples including the Yoganarasimha and the Bhoganarasimha temples and an altitude of 3940 feet. It is also famous for Namada Chilume, a natural spring considered sacred and is also considered the origin of the Jayamangali river. Another famous temple in the area is the Mahalakshmi Temple at Goravanahalli.




Namada Chilume is a natural spring situated by Devarayanadurga, near Tumkur in the state of Karnataka in India. The spring issues from the surface of the rock. It is believed that Lord Shri Rama, along with Sitha and Laxman, stayed here during their Vanavas. Lord Shri Rama searched for water to apply nāma/tilak on his forehead. When he couldn't find any water, he shot an arrow aiming at the rock. The arrow penetrated the rock, made a hole, and the water came out. Henceforth this place was called Namada Chilume, meaning "Spring of Tilak". As shown in the picture, the water comes out from a small hole throughout the year and never dries up.



Getting there

It is 65 km from Bangalore, India, by road on Tumkur road.

There are two routes to this place.

From Banglore, go till Dobbespet. Go under the flyover and take a right (Note: The left here leads to Shivagange betta and right leads to Devarayandurga). On this route you get Devarayanadurga first, and then as you go towards Kyatsandra, you get another Hanuman and Shankara temple, a little further is Namada Chilume and then Siddaganga mutt (different from Siddagange betta) and a kilometer from there is Kyatsandra where you hit Banglore Tumkur road.
The other route from banglore is from Kyatsandra. About 1 km after crossing second toll gate on Tumkur road take right at Kyatsandra. After crossing railway level cross you reach Siddaganga Mutt then Namada Chilume then Hanuman Temple and finally Devarayanadurga. The roads on this side are much better and this route is shorter.

ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ - ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಾಥಮಿಕ ಶಾಲೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಮೂರನೇ ಭಾಷೆಯಾಗಿ ತುಳುವನ್ನು ಕಲಿಸುವ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಸರ್ಕಾರ ಕೈಗೊಂಡಿದೆ

ಸಾವಿರಾರು ವರ್ಷಗಳಷ್ಟು ಹಳೆಯದಾದ, ಕನ್ನಡ ನಾಡಲ್ಲಿ ಕನ್ನಡದೊಡನೆ ಶತಶತಮಾನಗಳ ನಂಟು ಹೊಂದಿರುವ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ಭಾಷೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದಾದ ತುಳುವನ್ನು ಪ್ರಾಥಮಿಕ ಶಾಲಾ ಹಂತದಲ್ಲಿ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸುವ ಮೂಲಕ ತುಳುವನ್ನು ಉಳಿಸುವ, ಬೆಳೆಸುವ ಈ ನಡೆ ಸರಿಯಾದದ್ದು.
ತಾಯ್ನುಡಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಏಳಿಗೆಗೆ ದಾರಿ

ಯಾವುದೇ ಭಾಷಾ ಜನಾಂಗದ ಏಳಿಗೆ ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮವಾಗಲು ಅವರಾಡುವ ಭಾಷೆ ಕೇವಲ ಮಾತಿನ ರೂಪದಲ್ಲಷ್ಟೇ ಉಳಿಯದೇ, ಶಾಲೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಲಿಕೆಯ ರೂಪ ಪಡೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು ಒಂದು ಮುಖ್ಯ ಹಂತ. ಇವತ್ತು ತುಳುವಿಗೆ ಅಂತಹ ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಸಿಗುತ್ತಿರುವುದು ತುಳುವರ ಏಳಿಗೆಯ ದೃಷ್ಟಿಯಿಂದ ಒಳ್ಳೆಯದು

Water Places near bangalore

Nandi Hills
Nandi Hills makes it to almost every list on 'Places around Bengaluru'. The reason why this happens is because of its proximity to Bengaluru. It is the nearest hill station from Bengaluru and a good option for somebody looking to go for a long drive. To reach Nandi Hills take the Hyderabad highway (NH7/Yelahanka Road) from Bengaluru. After 38kms along the highway, couple of kms past Devanahalli, you can see a road going to the left towards Nandi Hills. There is a sign board there and you should not miss it, if you are careful. After another 10kms you will reach a T-junction, from where you should take a left. 4 more kms, it is one more right turn followed by a ghat road leading to Nandi Hills.The place offers a nice bird's eye view from the top. An early morning drive to the hills, in time for the sunrise, is an exciting option.
Skandagiri
Skandagiri aka Kalavaarahalli Betta attained fame following a few pictures of the place, circulated by email. This hill is right next to Nandi Hills & is famous for night trekking in the moonlight and the sunrise among clouds, which is seen in late winters. Weekend nights in the hill top, especially around full moon day, could be very chaotic and crowded owing to the large number of visitors. The trek by itself is moderate and should take an average of 2hrs. Check the Skandagiri Trek Page for my personal experiences there.
There are two approaches to Skandagiri foothills, both passing via the Kalavaarahalli village. The easiest is about 6-7kms from Chikkabalapur town, along the NH7/Yelahanka road towards Hyderabad and about 57kms from Bengaluru. The other option is to follow the trail to Nandi Hills till the T-junction, about 10kms from NH7. Nandi hills is towards the left from here. To reach Skandagiri, turn right towards Nandi village. At Nandi village, take the Chikkabalapur road and then take a left towards Muddenahalli. From Muddenahalli, Kalavaarahalli village is a couple of kms along a village road.
Sivanasamudram
Gaganachukki and Barachukki waterfalls is at Sivanasamudram (aka Sivasamudram) near Malavalli, Mandya district. Both the waterfall are around 50meters tall on River Kaveri (Cauvery) and are beautiful sights, especially during monsoon. To reach Gaganachukki, take the NH209 (Kanakapura road) and continue till Malavalli, past Kanakapura. Around 10kms past Malavalli, along NH209 (Kollegal road), you can spot a board to your left, indicating a 4km detour to Gaganachukki. Alternatively, one can take the Bengaluru - Mysuru road and take the Malavalli road from Maddur. This may be a little longer but better in terms of road conditions. Barachukki is about 15kms from Gaganachukki and provides the option of getting down into the river and right under the waterfall.
Talakkad
Talakkad (Talakad/ Talakadu/ Talakkadu), situated in the banks of Kaveri (Cauvery) is known for its sand dunes and the temples buried underneath. River Kaveri flows very shallow here and is ideal to take bath and play around. Talakkad is in Mysuru (Mysore) district. To reach there, take the NH209 (Kanakapura road) past Malavalli. Soon after Malavalli, there is a T junction, with road on the right going towards Mandya/Mysuru. Take the left and continue in NH209, towards Kollegal. About some 5kms before the detour for Sivanasamudram, there are sign boards indicating Talakkad, 22 kms to the right.
Somnathpur Channakeshava Temple
Somnnathpur completes the trio of tourist spots - Sivanasamudram, Talakkad & Somnathpur - accessible via Malavalli. It is located 32 kms off Malavalli and about 130 kms from Bengaluru/Bangalore. The main attraction here is the age old Channakeshava temple, built in 13th century. It is an amazing example of the Hoysala architecture and is reminiscent of the temples at Belur & Halebeedu.
There are many routes to reach Somnathpur. If your are going there after a splash in Sivanasamudram, head back to Malavalli and then take the Malavalli - Bannur - Mysuru/Mysore road. Just before Bannur town you should see a detour towards Somnathpur and T Narsipura. Somnathpur is about 7kms from Bannur and almost midway between Bannur and T Narsipura. The approach via T Narsipur is easier if one is coming from Talakkad. If you are coming directly from Bengaluru, head to Malavalli via NH209. Alternatively, take the Bengaluru - Mysuru road (SH17) till Mandya and take the Bannur road from there. Mandya is about 100kms from Bengaluru and Mandya - Bannur is another 26kms.
Savandurga
This is a monolithic peak famous for rock climbing and is situated along the Ramanagar - Magadi road. There are two routes available from Bengaluru. First one is via Magadi. Take the Magadi road from Bengaluru. At Magadi, take the Ramanagar road to the left. Around 7kms from Magadi, there is a board on the left side, indicating Savandurga. A better route, though longer, is via Mysuru road. From Bengaluru, take the Mysuru road, till Ramanagar and then take the road going to Magadi on your right side. The same board for Savandurga can be located on the right side 7kms before Magadi. Check Savandurga Trek Page for more elaborate route information, but dont get scared by my trekking experience there!!!
Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary
Migratory birds (like Storks, Pelicans, Cormorants and Herons) arrives in Ranganathittu bird sanctuary as large flocks starting December, lays eggs on the islets and moves out with the little ones in August. Best time to visit the sanctuary is around Feb - March when all the varieties are around and active. Boats are available here to take the visitors for a ride along the river and islets. To reach Ranganathittu, travel along Bengaluru - Mysuru road. Past Srirangapatna, take the road going to the right (connecting Srirangapatna to Mysuru - Madikeri road). A couple of kms along this road take another right to the sanctuary. Ranganathittu is a paradise for ornithologists as well as bird photographers. Apart from the migratory birds, one can also spot Kingfishers and Peacocks here as well as crocodiles lying lazily in the river.
Kokkare Bellur
Village of Kokkare Bellur is another haven for migratory birds, as well as bird lovers. This otherwise undescript village springs a surprise with numerous Painted Storks and Pelicans roaming around freely in the village. Best time to visit is around Feb - March and try to make it early morning (as early as 6 - 7). Kokkare Bellur is a short deviation from Bengaluru - Mysuru road. 75 kms from Bengaluru (infact, just after the milestone #75), before the Mysore Mylary hotel, there is a village road towards the left. Kokkare Bellur is abt 13kms from here. Almost half way through, there is a trijuntcion where you shud keep to the right. At Kokkare Bellur just park the vechicle(s) and walk around the village streets with trees on all sides infested with so many beautiful birds! This place offers a rare chance to spot some of the rare birds at very close distances. Yeah ... please remember to keep the silence and not trouble the birds/villagers.
Lepakshi Nandi & Temple
This is for people interested in historical monuments. Lepakshi village hosts an old temple and a huge monolithic Nandi, constructed more than 500 years ago. Nandi here is 15 feets tall and 27 feets long, the largest in India until recently. The temple has several beautiful structures demonstrating the finesse of our ancestors.
Lepakshi is about 15 kms from Hindupur along the Hindupur - Kodikonda state highway. Two alternate routes are available. Both involve NH7 (Hyderabad/ Ballary/ Yelahanka road, starting from Hebbal flyover in outer ring road) uptill Yelahanka. From there, one can continue past Devanahalli, Chickballapur, Begapally and Andhra border up to Kodikonda and then take the Hindupur road to the left. Lepakshi is 12 kms from Kodikonda and total 112 kms from Bengaluru along this route. An alternate route is to take the Doddaballapur road from Yelahanka and continue through Gauribadanur and Andhra border, till Hindupur. At Hindupur, one has to take the road going to Kodikonda. Road is bad from Gauribadanur till the Andhra border.
Shravanabelagola
146kms from Bengaluru, Shravanabelagola (Sravanabelagola/ Shravanabelgola/ Shravanbelgola/ Shravanbelagola/ Sravanabelgola/ Sravanabelgola/ Sravanbelagola) is a huge 18 meter high monolithic statue of Lord Gommatheshwara on the top of a hill (Vindyagiri or Indragiri) is considered the tallest in the world.
The most striking feature of the statue is that, it is stark naked yet highly aesthetic. Made in 983 AD, this place is a legendary pilgrim center and shrine of Jains. Just opposite to the the Gomatheshwara statue is another hill (Chandragiri) with some Jain temples and the tomb of Chandragupta Maurya. To reach here, one has to take Tumakuru / Tumkur road (NH4) from Bengaluru, NH48 (Mangaluru / Mangalore Road) at Nelamangala (KM27 on NH4) junction and continue till Hirisave (KM128 on NH48) and then take the state highway (SH8) going to Shravanabelagola. Infact, there are numerous roads going to Shravanabelagola, the major one being SH8 connecting Hirisave (in NH48) to Shravanabelagola to Channarayapatna (back in NH48 at KM147). Hirisave to Shravanabelagola is 18kms and from Shravanabelagola to Channarayapatna is 11kms. Check out my Mangaluru Bike Trip Page for further details and photos.
Hogenakkal
Hogenakkal is located in Karnataka - Tamilnadu border, around 200kms from Bengaluru. Its situated near Dharmapuri. To reach Hogenakkal from Bengaluru, take the NH7 (Hosur road) and go to Dharmapuri, via Hosur and Krishnagiri. At Dharmapuri, you can see a junction, one of the roads going towards Hogenakkal, via Pennagaram. Another route, which is shorter, but less travelled is via Hosur - Rayakkottai - Palakkodu - Pennagaram. Or even shorter, but bad roads, via Hosur - Denkanikota - Pennagaram. Hogenakkal is also along Kaveri river, this time dropping down around 100ft into a deep canyon forming waterfalls on all sides. Small round boats are available to take you to the middle of the canyon and from there to a river bank, where you can get an oil massage. Check out Hogenakkal Trip Page for some photos.
Sangam
Sangam is the confluence of Rivers Kaveri (Cauvery) and Arkavathi. One more nice picnic spot along Kanakapura Road (NH209) formed around River Kaveri, it can be reached by taking a 33km deviation to the left, soon after Kanakapura, along NH209. A big arch is placed there to tell you the route. About 16kms from Kanakapura you will reach a junction, to the right of which is Cauvery fishing camp. Go straight for Sangam. The last five kms to Sangam is an enjoyable drive through the ghat roads, with picturesque hills all around you. Water is not so deep at Sangam and is very clean, in spite of the huge crowd generally found here. But the surroundings is filled with litter and plastic. Its a pitty that a place like this is not kept clean.
Mekedatu
After its confluence with River Arkavathi at Sangam, Kaveri flows through a deep gorge at Mekedatu. The gorge is deep and a maximum 30ft wide at places. Some other sections, the rock almost bridges the river so that a goat can leap across. Hence the name, Meke(Goat)Datu(Leap). A lot of strange looking rock formations and deep holes can be found here. To go to Mekedatu, one has to come to Sangam, cross the river and travel another 4 kms through a jeep track through the Cauvery Wild Life Sanctuary or along the Kaveri (Cauvery) river. The area is covered by hills on all sides and its very unlikely that you can spot wild life here. A special bus ply between these two places almost every hour. Walking along the river is a very good option, but not so adviced for families, since there is usually a lot of crowd and booze parties along this river route. And not to mention the huge amount of litter and cow/human dung.
Chunchi Falls
This is a small water falls on the way to Sangam. Take the Sangam Road after Kanakapura and after 23kms you can spot a road on the left side going to Chunchi falls. 5kms more from here for the falls. Thanks to the Prime Minister's Gram Sadak Yojana roads are good to this place. This water falls is nothing particular, but worth seeing if you are going to Sangam/Mekedatu.
Bheemeshwari
Bheemeshwari is more known as the Cauvery Fishing Camp (CFC) and famous for the 'Mahaseer' ('Mahasheer') fishes. The place is pasrt of the Cauvery Wild Life Sanctuary. Log huts are available for staying at this place, which can be booked from Bengaluru KSTDC office. This point is almost midway between Sangam and Sivanasamudram in River Kaveri. To reach Bheemeshwari, you should take the NH209 (Kanakapura road) past Kanakapura, take the road to Sangam, till you reach a junction (Halahalli), about 16kms from Kanakpura, from where you have to take a right. One can also trek from Bheemeshwari to Muthathi and also to Mekedatu. Check out Muthathi Trek Page for photos and trip logs from a Muthathi - Bheemeshwari trek.
Bannerghatta National Park
Located 22 kms from Bengaluru city, along the Bannerghatta road, this is a good place to visit. Just about 10kms from IIMB campus, Bannerghatta national park is probably the easiest place, where you can spot wild animals like lions and tigers roaming freely in something resembling a forest. These animals are kept in fenced containment and safari is arranged to see them. There is also a zoo in the national park premises where you can have a look at a variety of animals. An Elephant joy ride or safari is also possible.
A major drawback with the place is that it is more of a zoo than a national park and lacks a wild feel. Also, the animals kept in cages paints a sorry figure. Still, some of the tigers/lions kept in fenced containment looks healthy, offering a rare experience.
Maidanahalli Blackbuck Sanctuary
Maidanahalli is home to the beautiful and endangered Blackbucks (Antilope Cervicapra). It is reachable from Bengaluru via Nelamangala -> Dobbaspet -> Koratgere -> Madhugiri and Puravara village. Take the Tumkur road (NH4) and continue on the toll road till Dobbaspet. At Dobbaspet, exit the toll road and take the Madhugiri road via Koratgere. An alternate route is to continue on the NH4 till Tumkur and then take the Madhugiri road from Tumkur bypass. From Madhugiri, take the Hindupur road and continue for another 10kms till the Puravara village. At Puravara, there is a left turn towards Maidanahalli / I D Halli. The turn to Maidanahalli is about 7kms before I D Halli.
There is no regulation within the sanctuary as of now. So, the visitors can have a free hand inside the sanctuary, driving or walking around to spot the Blackbucks. The lack of proper administration is evident in the high amount of gracing and herds of sheep inside the sanctuary limits. In spite of all these, there is a good number of Blackbucks in the sanctuary and they are indeed a beautiful sight to cherish.
Melkote Temple
This is a beautiful hill temple abt 32kms off Mandya, along Bengaluru - Mysuru state highway and about 135kms from Bengaluru. About a km after Mandya town, towards Mysuru, look for a road going to Melkote and then on follow the sign boards. Melkote is an ancient hill temple, which should interest pilgrims as well as people with an eye for historical monuments. Thanks to its location atop a hill, it also offers a beautiful view of the surroundings. The temple complex also has a couple of huge ponds, one of them being open for public to take a dip. There is also a lake just before the temple.
Pandavapura & Kunti Betta
Pandavapura is a small village near Srirangapatna, about 130kms from Bengaluru. There are two approach roads to the village, going to the west (right side when heading towards Mysuru) from the Bengaluru - Mysuru highway - one midway between Mandya and Srirangapatna and the other just before Srirangapatna. Both these roads are about 10kms of driving treat in between sugar cane fields and sugar mills on both sides, especially if you time it on early mornings.
The most interesting picnic spot @ Pandavapura is the Kunti Betta, about a km deviation before reaching the town, if you are on the approach road towards Mandya. Kunti Betta is two rocky hills seperated by a valley in between, housing a temple. Mythology says that Pandavas and Kunti stayed here during their exile. The way upto the hills is interesting with beautiful views of the surroundings hills, valley and a lake.
Pandavapura also has couple of other temples, contrasting in style and ambience. The first one at Hukkada, near the Pandavapura railway station, is thronged by devotees, especially on new moon days, to offer sacrifices and offerings. To reach Hukkada, one has to take the Srirangapatna road till the railway station (about 4kms from the town) and then take right. Look for a dhaba, with a road going to the left near it, which will take you to the temple. The other temple, the Sri Siva Shailam temple is inside a huge compound, also housing a sanskrit learning center, with a serene and sylvan ambience and streams flowing by.
Shivaganga
Shivaganga (Shivganga, Shivagange, Sivaganga, Shiva Ganga) has a famous 'Shiva' temple near its foothills and a spring water source midway to the peak. The spring is called 'Olakallu Theertha' (meaning water inside the rocks in Kannada) and it is believed that only 'good' people can touch the holy water here. Also, ghee smudged on to the 'Shiva Linga' at the foothills is believed to turn butter. Naturally, numerous devotees throngs this place. The trail to the top is about 2hrs for a reasonable climber and is along vertical rock faces in some stretches. Steps are cut on the rock and railings are provided to make the climb easier for the visitors. There are many beautiful 'Nandi's and various other pillars and idols all along this trail. The top of the peak, at an altitude of 1368m above msl, offers a good view of the entire surroundings.
To reach Shivaganga, take the Tumkur road from Bengaluru and turn left @ Dobbaspet about 50kms from Bengaluru. From Dobbaspet town, Shivaganga is about 6kms. For people travelling by bus, autos may be hired from Dobbaspet to take you to Shivaganga. There are no good restaurants in the area, but one can find a few dhabas in the Tumkur highway. @ Shivaganga, there are numerous shops, especially in the beginning of the trail, selling juices, fruits and other eatables. So, there is hardly any need to carry anything. With monkeys patrolling the entire stretch for any eatables it may not be a good idea to carry food, while you are on the trail. Footwears are allowed for most part of the trail and a shoe with good grip is recommended, especially for inexperienced climbers. Check out my Shivaganga Trek Page for detailed personal experience and photos.
Siddarabetta Caves
Siddarabetta is a small hill, believed to be a habitat of saints, a few centuries ago. The place has a temple at the base, an open space with good views at the top and a cave in between. The cave and the top of the hill is accessible only by foot after a short trek of about 1.5 hours. The place is thronged by pilgrims and there are guides near the cave opening who can take you inside for a fee. The cave is reasonably long and exploring it is a nice experience.
Siddarabetta is located at about 12kms from Koratgere. From Bangalore, take the Tumkur road (NH4) and continue on the toll road till Dobbaspet. At Dobbaspet, exit the toll road and take the Madhugiri road via Koratgere. After about 3kms from Koratgere (and about 8kms before Madhugiri), look for an arch (there is another arch just after Koratgere - the arch to Siddarabetta caves is the second one and has sign boards) on the left side and follow the road through the arch. The road from here is not so good and in some places is a mud road.